Business & Contracts Government Contracts Act 2.0

[Library of Parliament]

Original Legislation:
Passed Bill Link: https://www.cityrp.org/threads/government-contracts-act-2-0.3265/
Final Vote: 6-2-0
Ratified: March 15, 2026
Amendments:
- Amended April 14, 2026 by the Government Contracts Act 2.0 pt2
- Amended June 4, 2026 by the Government Shops Amendment Act
- Amended September 21, 2026, by the Intellectual Property Act
- Amended November 1, 2026, by the Modern Contracts Act

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Author(s): Kli AstonMartin MP, Lysander Lyon, Iturgen Bolir
Sponsor(s): Kli Astonmartin MP

​

Government Contracts Act 2.0
Preamble: It is important that new citizens are given opportunities to learn governmental functions, integrate into public service, and participate meaningfully in civic life. A formal internship framework promotes transparency, fairness, and accessibility while ensuring Ministries maintain consistent staffing standards.

1. Short Title & Enactment
(a) This bill shall be referred to as the “Government Contracts Act 2.0”.
(b) This bill was authored by: Kli AstonMartin MP, Lysander Lyon, Iturgn Bolir
(c) This bill repeals the Government Contracts Act.

2. Government Contracts
(a) Any agreement between an official government agent and any entity, individual or business, where money is paid or promised to be paid, is a government contract for the purposes of this bill.
(b) Bonuses to Ministry staff are not included under this bill.

3. Contract Type
(a) Tenders are contracts that are publicly posted for the public to bid on, where a member of the public will supply a service or good, and receive payment, such as selling food to the government.
(b) Auctions are publicly posted contracts in which members of the public bid to pay for a good or service, such as a government patent sale. Auctions under section 8 of the Intellectual Property Act must also meet that section's requirements.
(c) Direct agreements are contracts that are offered directly by a member of the public to the government, solicited by the government from a member of the public, or posted publicly for members of the public to privately discuss with the government.

4. Tenders and Auctions
(a) Any tender or auction must be open for at least 24 hours before it can be closed.
(b) No tender or auction may have an automatic resolution period (the period of no bids, after which the tender closes) shorter than 6 hours.
(c) Tenders and auctions must have a final close date for the auction, a starting bid, a minimum bid increment, and a drop off by date included in their posting. The winner shall be the bid with the lowest price for tenders, highest price for auctions, assuming it follows the rules of the tender or auction.

(i) Ministries or the Government may set additional rules in place for their tenders or auctions, so long as they are clearly stated in the post for the tender or auction where bidding occurs, not just in the announcement.​

(d) The government may accept a bid only after the tender or auction closes under this section.

5. Direct Agreements
(a) Direct agreements of up to $10,000 in value for any given calendar month, for an individual entity, may be authorized by the respective Minister, with the Prime Minister’s explicitly stated approval.

(i) These agreements must be forwarded to the Cabinet, where it shall remain on pause for 48 hours before being implemented.​

(ii) Any Minister may request the contract be put to a vote of the Cabinet during this 48 hour period. All Ministers, the Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Minister, and any Cabinet Advisors shall each have one vote. Individuals with multiple titles shall only cast one vote.​

(iii) The vote shall last for 48 hours, or until a clear majority is in favor of or opposed to the agreement, whichever is the shorter time period. If a majority of votes are in favor, the agreement shall be implemented. However, if the vote is a tie, or fails, the agreement shall be rejected.​

(b) No single direct agreement may exceed $10,000 for any given calendar month, regardless of if it is for multiple entities or one, without being approved by the Cabinet process in 5(a)ii and 5(a)iii.
(c) Any direct agreement that would take a Ministry over $15,000 in direct agreement costs, for any given calendar month, must be approved through the 5(a)ii and 5(a)iii Cabinet voting process.

(i) If a Ministry already has $10,000 in direct agreement obligations that it will maintain for the next three months, and they sign a contract that costs $5,000 this month and $6,000 next month, that violates this clause, because the next month’s obligations would exceed $15,000.​

(ii) Any direct agreements proposed after a Ministry exceeds the $15,000 threshold must be approved by the 5(a)ii and 5(a)iii Cabinet voting process.​

(d) Direct agreements may be recurring or single-use.

(i) Recurring direct agreements must have at least: clearly outlined prices, terms of the service and delivery, a date for renegotiation and reconsideration no later than four months into the future, an exit clause, and penalties for non-fulfillment by the non-governmental party.​

(ii) Single-use direct agreements must have at least: a clear completion date, price, exit clause and penalties for non-fulfillment by the non-governmental party.​

(e) Direct agreements may be approved on a basis where price is not the only or primary factor considered, such as a case where the government wishes to support a small business or supplier.
(f) Any direct agreement where the Minister responsible for accepting or implementing the agreement has a clear conflict of interest, regardless of the value, service, or good, must go through the Cabinet voting process of 5(a)ii and 5(a)iii, with disclosure of the conflict given to the Cabinet.
(g) The parties must agree on the terms required by paragraph (d) before approval.
(h) A direct agreement becomes binding once the approvals required by this section have been granted and the required waiting periods and votes have ended.

6. Notification and Cancellation
(a) All direct agreements the government approves must be published by the respective Ministry in either its Discord or its forums.

(i) If a budget is specially authorized by Parliament and not part of a Ministry’s normal budget, the agreement should still be assigned to and published on the page of the Ministry who is closest to overseeing the responsibilities that the agreement assists with.​

(b) Parliament may vote to cancel any direct agreement by motion. If a full majority of Parliament votes to repeal the agreement, currently five of nine seats, then the agreement shall be cancelled.

(i) Any agreement cancelled by Parliament is nullified. The government shall pay the other party 20% of the value they were due to receive in the calendar month in which the agreement was cancelled, and 10% of the value they were due to receive in the calendar month after the calendar month in which the agreement was cancelled.​

(ii) Parliament may include in their cancellation motion an exit value override request, which reduces the nullification payout to 10% in the calendar month of cancellation and 5% in the calendar month following cancellation.​

(iii) The payout in subparagraph (i) or (ii) is the government's full liability for cancellation under this paragraph.​

​

7. Government Shop
(a) The Executive shall be empowered to create Government Shops at locations of its choosing, provided the land occupied is owned by the Government. Its primary mission shall be to reduce barriers of entry in trading with the Government and keep stockpiles of items the Government expects to require in the future.
(b) The shop and any chestshops thereof shall be the property of a company exclusively and permanently owned by the Azalea Isles Government. The name of this company may be decided by the Executive.

(i) This shop company shall be exempted from all taxation and enterprise reporting duties.​

(ii) The Prime Minister, the Minister of Economic Affairs and the Minister of Urban Development shall ex officio serve as the executive leadership of the shop company. Leadership and Management decisions shall be made by a simple majority of votes among these executives. Any votes not submitted within 48 hours shall count as abstained.​

(iii) The shop company may only employ Government officials and employees and may not pay any employee salary or bonuses. This does not restrict other parts of the Government from rewarding work performed for the Government shop.​

(iv) The shop company may not enter into any debt.​

(c) The shop company may receive additional operating funds either from budgets allocated to it by Parliament or from Ministries choosing to yield funds from their own budgets to it.

(i) The shop company may choose to return funds it holds to the Government at will. Parliament may also order the transfer of a specific amount of funds from the shop company to the Government balance via motion.​

(d) The goods owned by the Government Shop may be freely used for the facilitation of any Government projects and interests, such as Government pastes and upkeep. Such requisitions require the documented authorization of a member of Cabinet and must be logged.
(e) The Ministry of Urban Development may use Government shop goods for private pastes, on the condition that the beneficiary reimburses the shop at a reasonable price determined by the shop. This reimbursement price may include handling fees and/or take into account changes in item value.

 

[Library of Parliament]

Amending Legislation:
Passed Bill Link: https://cityrp.org/threads/government-contracts-act-2-0-pt2.3288
Final Vote: 5-1
Ratified: April 14, 2026

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Author: jotoho
Sponsor: Kli Astonmartin, MP

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Government Contracts Act 2.0 pt2
Preamble: In order to stimulate the economy, enable additional earnings opportunities to citizens both new and established and simplify administrative burdens, this bill aims to allow the Government to create a shop where it may acquire supplies and building materials from citizens.

Addition to Government Contracts Act 2.0, Section 7 “Government Shop”
(a) The Executive shall be empowered to create a Government Shop at a location of its choosing, provided the land it occupies is owned by the Government. Its primary mission shall be to reduce barriers of entry in trading with the Government and keep stockpiles of items the Government expects to require in the future.
(b) The shop and any chestshops thereof shall be the property of a company exclusively and permanently owned by the Azalea Isles Government. The name of this company may be decided by the Executive.
(i) This shop company shall be exempted from all taxation and enterprise reporting duties.
(ii) The Prime Minister, the Minister of Economic Affairs and the Minister of Urban Development shall ex officio serve as the executive leadership of the shop company. Leadership and Management decisions shall be made by a simple majority of votes among these executives. Any votes not submitted within 48 hours shall count as abstained.
(iii) The shop company may only employ Government officials and employees and may not pay any employee salary or bonuses. This does not restrict other parts of the Government from rewarding work performed for the Government shop.
(iv) The shop company may not enter into any debt.
(c) The shop company may receive additional operating funds either from budgets allocated to it by Parliament or from Ministries choosing to yield funds from their own budgets to it.
(i) The shop company may choose to return funds it holds to the Government at will. Parliament may also order the transfer of a specific amount of funds from the shop company to the Government balance via motion.
(d) The goods owned by the Government Shop may be freely used for the facilitation of any Government projects and interests, such as Government pastes and upkeep. Such requisitions require the documented authorization of a member of Cabinet and must be logged.
(e) The Ministry of Urban Development may use Government shop goods for private pastes, on the condition that the beneficiary reimburses the shop at a reasonable price determined by the shop. This reimbursement price may include handling fees and/or take into account changes in item value.

Enactment: This Act comes into force immediately upon passage.

 

[Library of Parliament]

Amending Legislation:
Passed Bill Link: https://cityrp.org/threads/government-shops-amendment-act.3496/
Final Vote: 4-0-0
Ratified: June 4, 2026

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Author: Lil Digi and Jory Romulus
Sponsor: Lil Digi, MP

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Government Shops Amendment Act
Preamble:
This allows for the creation of more than one Government Shop. This is beneficial to the Azalea Isles as it allows the government to spur economic growth and influence market prices for various commodities as needed in times of inflation or deflation.

1. Short Title
(a) This bill shall be referred to as the “Government Shops Amendment Act" or “Government Stores Act”
(b) This bill is authored by Lil Digi & Jory Romulus


(1) The Government Contracts Act 2.0 shall be amended as follows:

7. Government Shop
(a) The Executive shall be empowered to create a Government Shops at a locations of its choosing, provided the land it occupies occupied is owned by the Government. Its primary mission shall be to reduce barriers of entry in trading with the Government and keep stockpiles of items the Government expects to require in the future.
(b) The shops and any chestshops thereof shall be the property of a company exclusively and permanently owned by the Azalea Isles Government. The name of this company may be decided by the Executive.

Enactment: This Act comes into force immediately upon passage.

Spoiler: Digi Raps

You think I didn't see that you stayed silent
That's like you endorsing it all, may as well stand behind him
I stood beside you, thought there was some good inside you
Situations like these, they force you to notice the difference
Look at me and West for instance
We know we live different lives and we've been on our separate missions
Look at how time flies, 90 months passed, he's still the same guy
But I get it, you all wanna be the main guy
It explains why most people die not knowin' who would've stuck by they side
It doesn't even cross they mind, they just go along for the ride
They'll never know they friends' decision, friends never had to decide
What does somebody do after doin' everything you could've done for everyone?
You just do what you should've done since day one, you stick with your day ones
I'm not the villain or the victim, I am the author
My right hand guides the pen along the page until the chapter's done
What would they do to me if they ever caught me ridin' dolo?
Would they take my chain and my watch or would they take my photo?
Forget that, I'm in the stu' with Huney, the sun went down, we couldn't tell
It's so many opportunities, but we still here by ourselves
It's been nearly 4 years, he ain't work with no one else
And I ain't go to no one else, that's 'cause there's no better team, yeah
Trust me, the CRP glistenin' more than it's ever been
And trust me, I'm the highest that I've ever been
The greatest that they've ever seen
I've been alternating from being overseas and listenin' to beats
Strong opinions from the weak for a hundred-somethin' weeks
They deep-seated resentment is what's fillin' up they seats
I've seen GOATs act like sheeps, coworkers turn to enemies
Damn, I got enemies, got a lot of enemies
Lot of people tryna drain me of my energy
I don't want no “Digi, my apologies, " I'm trippin' your top three
The bed wars discord was gassin those oppy guys, but not me
Like beggin' to get out a ticket, now they wanna cop pleas

 

[Library of Parliament]

Amending Legislation:
Passed Bill Link: https://cityrp.org/threads/intellectual-property-act.3869/
Final Vote: 6-1-0
Ratified: September 21, 2026
Note: This is a duplicative law. It both amends another act, but also exists on its own because of its own contents.

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Author: Multi Man
Sponsor: Multi Man, MP

Intellectual Property Act
Preamble: Intellectual property rules are spread across several Acts. This bill brings them together, protects creative expression, guarantees freedom of panorama, places government works in the public domain, makes author attribution on bills optional, and protects the Azalea Isles from claims arising from Parliament's official use of existing intellectual property.

[...]

14. Repeals and amendments
(a) The following Acts are repealed:

(i) The Establish Copyright Protections Act;​

(ii) The International Research Act; and​

(iii) The Authorship Protection Act.​

(b) The Contract Establishment Act is amended as follows:

(i) Replace section 1(b) as follows:​

(b) Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA): A legally binding contract that establishes a confidential relationship between parties. The signing parties agree that sensitive information they may obtain will not be made available to others.
(b) A nondisclosure agreement, or NDA, is an agreement governed by section 9 of the Intellectual Property Act.

(ii) Replace section 3 as follows:​

3. Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs)
(a) NDAs, as defined under this Act, shall be considered legally binding and enforceable by law.
(i) Any NDAs requiring an individual to not disclose information about crimes committed are not legally binding and thus not enforceable by law.
(b) NDAs must clearly outline the confidential information to be protected, the parties involved, and the duration of the confidentiality obligation.
(c) All parties must sign the NDA, include the date of signing, and indicate their agreement to the terms and conditions.
d) Any NDA may be tried and contested within a court of law.
(e) Any party that breaches an NDA shall be subject to legal penalties and may be sued for damages resulting from the breach.

3. Nondisclosure agreements
(a) Section 9 of the Intellectual Property Act governs NDA requirements, enforcement, remedies, and exceptions. The other provisions of this Act apply to NDAs subject to that section.

(iii) In the heading of section 4 and in section 4(a), delete "or NDA" as follows:​

4. Legal Recourse for Breach of Contract or NDA
(a) Any individual or entity that experiences a breach of contract or NDA may file a lawsuit against the offending party.

(iv) In the heading of section 5 and in sections 5(a) and 5(c), replace "Contracts and NDAs" with "Contracts" as follows:​

5. Requirements for Valid Contracts and NDAs Contracts
(a) Contracts and NDAs Contracts must be in written form and signed by all parties involved.
(c) Contracts and NDAs Contracts that do not meet these requirements shall not be considered legally binding under this Act.

(v) Replace section 6 as follows:​

6. Whistleblower Protections

(a) Individuals who disclose information in the public interest, such as in journalistic investigations, court inquiries of information, or when withholding information that threatens national security, shall be protected under this Act.

(b) Whistleblowers shall not be held liable for breach of an NDA or contract if the disclosure was made in good faith to protect the public or national security.

6. Protected disclosures

(a) The protections in section 9(c) of the Intellectual Property Act apply to every contract governed by this Act.

(c) Replace section 6(d)(vi) of the Inheritance and Succession Act as follows:

(vi) Items and blocks shall be considered a part of whatever property they are located on, as shall the full ownership of the build (intellectual property and physical materials) on the property it is located on. Only what was owned by the deceased shall transfer - if the deceased did not own the build's intellectual property rights, those are not transferred.
(vi) Items, blocks, and the physical materials of a build are part of the property on which they stand. Copyright in the build passes only as provided by section 6 of the Intellectual Property Act. Only assets and rights owned by the deceased may pass to heirs.

(d) Replace section 2(c)(iii) of the Fair Competition Act as follows:

(iii) This does not apply to patents granted for international research.
(iii) The exception for international research patents is governed by section 8(f) of the Intellectual Property Act.

(e) Replace section 3(b) of the Government Contracts Act 2.0 as follows:

(b) Auctions are contracts that are publicly posted for the public to bid on, where a member of the public offers payment to receive a service or good, such as buying a patent from the government.
(b) Auctions are publicly posted contracts in which members of the public bid to pay for a good or service, such as a government patent sale. Auctions under section 8 of the Intellectual Property Act must also meet that section's requirements.

(f) Replace section 1(d)(i) of the Electoral Crimes and Registration Act as follows:

(i) New parties cannot register with a name or code which may be reasonably confused with an already registered party.
(i) New party names and codes must meet section 10(b) of the Intellectual Property Act.

(g) The Parliamentary Procedure Act is amended as follows:

(i) At the end of section 4(b), add the following:​

(b) Any newly proposed bill must generally adhere to the standards in the Template. Author identification is optional under section 7(a) of the Intellectual Property Act. A bill must not be rejected or delayed merely because its author's identity is omitted.

[...]

The full statute is too long to include in this post. To read it in full, find it at the link here: https://cityrp.org/threads/intellectual-property-act.3924/

 

[Library of Parliament]

Amending Legislation:
Passed Bill Link: https://www.cityrp.org/threads/modern-contracts-act.4009/
Final Vote: 8-1-0
Ratified: November 1, 2026
Note: This is a duplicative law. It both amends another act, but also exists on its own because of its own contents.

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Sponsor: Multi Man, MP

Modern Contracts Act
Preamble: Contracts should be enforceable without unnecessary formalities. This Act states the general rules for agreement, breach, remedies, and existing rights. It also protects ordinary citizens from predatory contractual clauses and preserves a right to action in the courts regarding contractual disputes.

1. Short Title and Enactment
(a) This Act may be cited as the "Modern Contracts Act".
(b) This Act takes effect immediately upon passage.

2. Application and definitions
(a) This Act governs contracts between private parties and contracts with the government.
(b) A "void" agreement or term is an agreement or term with no binding legal effect.
(c) A "voidable" agreement or term is an agreement or term that remains binding until the party entitled to void it gives the other parties notice of that decision.

(i) Any notice given to void a voidable agreement or term must identify the agreement or term and the grounds for voiding it. ​

(d) In the context of a contract, "the bargain" refers to the substance of the voluntary agreement between two or more parties in exchange for consideration.

3. Agreement
(a) A contract forms when an offer is accepted, consideration is present, and the parties intend a binding agreement.

(i) In bilateral contracts, consideration is present when each party gives or promises something in exchange to the other. In contracts involving more than two parties, consideration is present when each party is given or promised something by at least one other party and each party gives or promises something to at least one other party.​

(b) Acceptance may be spoken, written, or shown by conduct. Silence alone is not acceptance.

(i) An amendment requires the assent of each party whose rights or duties it changes. Assent may be spoken, written, or shown by conduct.​

(c) An agreement includes an implied reasonable term to fill in minor details when the parties intended to be bound without fixing those minor details.
(d) An agreement remains binding without an unenforceable term if it can operate without that term and preserve the essential bargain.
(e) A term that gives a private person or body the power to impose a binding decision in a contract dispute is void.

(i) A contract term that excludes courts from deciding a contract dispute is void.​

4. Defects in agreement
(a) An agreement is voidable by a party who agreed because of material deception or a threat to commit an independently unlawful act.
(b) Material deception means a knowingly or recklessly false statement about a material fact, or deliberate concealment of a material fact that a party was legally required to disclose.
(c) An agreement is voidable by a party if both parties were mistaken about a basic fact that existed when they agreed, the mistake materially changes the bargain, and that party did not accept the risk of mistake.
(d) An agreement is voidable by a party who made a material mistake about a basic fact that existed when the parties agreed, if the other party knew or clearly should have recognized the mistake.
(e) An unconscionable term is void. A term is unconscionable when it is unconscionable per se or per quod.

(i) A term that is unconscionable per quod is a term that creates a severe, unjust imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties, especially when heavily favoring the side that drafted the agreement while exploiting or oppressing the other party.​

(ii) Any term that is as follows shall be a term that is unconscionable per se:​

(1) Terms that waive liability for gross negligence, recklessness, or intentional torts, or waive all liability;​

(2) Terms that require arbitration or mediation, whether binding or non-binding, before a party may file a lawsuit;​

(3) Terms that require one party to pay for all legal costs and damages when the agreement is not performed, while the party with greater bargaining power has no or only a minimal corresponding obligation;​

(4) Terms that bind a party to provide services or remain employed indefinitely without a reasonable way to end that duty;​

(5) Terms that waive in advance a statutory protection or constitutional right that applies to a party;​

(6) Terms that prohibit a party from joining a class in a civil lawsuit against a counterparty or third party;​

(7) Terms that require a party to give notice to prevent automatic renewal by a deadline that is unreasonably far before the renewal date;​

(8) Terms that permit one party to make changes to the product or service to be provided to the counterparty, where such changes may be made unilaterally and without a valid reason;​

(9) Terms that permit one party to increase the final price of goods or services on or shortly before delivery, without giving the counterparty the option of canceling the contract if the price is much higher than initially agreed;​

(10) Terms that prevent a party from ending affected future duties after the other party's material breach;​

(11) Terms whereby a party prohibit a counterparty from, penalizes a counterparty for, or functions to prevent a counterparty from:​

(A) seeking or accepting work from another individual or other entity where such work would begin after the conclusion of employment associated with the term's agreement; or​

(B) operating a business after the conclusion of the employment associated with the term's agreement.​

(iii) When a civil lawsuit is filed and a question of whether a term or agreement is void is posed, a court may equitably limit the term (rather than treating it as wholly void) only when the party that would be disadvantaged by the void clause's enforcement affirmatively seeks such a remedy. ​

(iv) Relief for unconscionability is limited declaring the term or agreement void, limiting the term, and restoring benefits under paragraph (g).​

(v) A party may settle an existing dispute over a statutory protection or constitutional right if they know the relevant facts, understand the right being released, and agree voluntarily.​

(f) An agreement is voidable by a party who did not understand the agreement's basic nature and consequences, when a counterparty knew or clearly should have known that the party lacked understanding of the basic nature and consequences of the agreement.
(g) When an agreement or term is void or voided under this section, each party must restore to the other the benefits received under that agreement or term where practicable.
(h) An advance waiver of protection against material deception, threats of independently unlawful acts, unconscionability, or known or apparent incapacity is void.
(j) A party loses the right to void a voidable agreement or term if that party knows the relevant facts, understands that they may void it on that ground, and voluntarily confirms to the other parties that they will remain bound by it.

5. Reliance on promises
(a) A person who reasonably relies on a clear promise is entitled to compensation from a second person who made it if the second person should reasonably have expected the first person to have relied upon that promise.
(b) Compensation covers proven losses caused by the reliance if those losses were reasonably foreseeable when the promise was made. The amount must account for benefits received through that reliance and exclude reasonably avoidable losses.

6. Breach and ending duties
(a) A party may end future duties affected by the other party's material breach.
(b) A breach is material when it substantially defeats the bargain. A clear refusal to perform before performance is due is an anticipatory breach when communicated.

(i) A party who substantially performs remains liable under section 7 for losses caused by defects or omissions.​

(c) When future duties end, the parties must account for work performed and payments received.
(d) If a later event makes performance impossible or unlawful, and the affected party neither caused the event nor accepted its risk:

(i) affected duties are suspended while the obstacle prevents performance; and​

(ii) a party may end affected future duties by notice if the obstacle is permanent or the delay substantially defeats the bargain.​

(e) Mere changes in costs or the occurrence of a party's insufficient funds do not make performance impossible for purposes of paragraph (d).
(f) A party may end affected future duties by notice if:

(i) a counterparty's inactivity has blocked performance for a period that materially affects the agreement; and​

(ii) reasonable attempts have been made to contact that party, or that party has legally died.​

(g) A party must return unearned advance payments for duties that end under paragraphs (d) or (f).
(h) A notice under paragraph (d) or (f) must identify the affected duties and the grounds for ending them.

(i) Notice takes effect when sent to the other parties through contact channels they have used or publicly provided.​

(ii) Notice for a party who has legally died takes effect when sent to their estate administrator, if one has been appointed, or otherwise through that party's contact channel.​

7. Remedies
(a) A party harmed by a breach is entitled to compensation that puts them in the position they would have been in if the contract had been properly performed.
(b) Compensation covers proven losses caused by the breach that were reasonably foreseeable when the agreement was made. The amount must account for performance and payments under the agreement and exclude reasonably avoidable losses.
(c) A term that sets the amount to be paid for a specified breach is void unless that amount was a reasonable estimate of the losses expected when the parties agreed to the term. An amount due under a valid term replaces compensation for actual losses. This amount due may be referred to as "liquidated damages".
(d) A term that limits liability for breach to a maximum amount is void, except for compensation under paragraph (c).
(e) A court may award punitive damages for intentional or reckless breach unless a valid term under paragraph (c) requires liquidated damages for that breach.
(f) Recklessness means consciously disregarding a substantial, unjustified risk of breach.
(g) A court may order a party to perform personal work. When monetary compensation would be inadequate, it may order the transfer of particular property. Compensation under paragraphs (a) and (b) covers losses such an order does not remedy.
(h) An order requiring personal work must identify the work, state how completion will be measured, and set a reasonable deadline.
(j) A court may award a small sum as nominal damages for a proven breach that caused no compensable loss.
(k) A court must not order personal work or a property transfer to enforce personal monetary liability that has been discharged in bankruptcy.

8. Time to file and existing agreements
(a) A claim arising from a material or minor breach must be filed within the statute of limitations specified under the Judiciary Act, with the clock beginning at the time of the breach. Any contractual term that shortens or extends this filing period is void.
(b) Each distinct breach shall have its own filing period. Continued failure to perform the same obligation after it becomes due is a single breach.
(c) Accumulated failures become a material breach when they first substantially defeat the bargain.
(d) A creditor seeking monetary relief satisfies paragraph (a) by filing a claim in a bankruptcy proceeding before a court within the applicable period. The claim must identify the agreement, the breach, and the monetary relief sought.
(e) This Act's breach remedies and filing deadlines apply to breaches after enactment. Breaches before enactment retain their previous remedies and filing deadlines.
(f) The parties must reaffirm a previously unenforceable informal agreement after enactment to make it enforceable under this Act.

9. Amendments
(a) The Intellectual Property Act is amended as follows:

(i) Section 2(f)(iii) is amended as follows:​

​

(iii) Copyright in the new contribution does not authorize use of protected expression from the original work. That use requires the owner's written permission unless an exception in this Act applies, including freedom of panorama under section 4.​

(iii) Use of protected expression from the original work requires the owner's permission unless an exception under this Act applies.​

​

(ii) Section 3(c) is amended as follows:​

​

(c) Using protected expression in one of these ways without the owner's written permission infringes copyright. Independently creating a similar work does not infringe it. Permission to use a work does not by itself transfer ownership.​

(c) A person infringes copyright by using protected expression in one of these ways without the owner's permission.​

​

(iii) Section 9(a) is amended as follows:​

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(a) A nondisclosure agreement, or NDA, is a contract to keep specified information confidential. It must identify the information, parties, and duration of the duty in clear, agreed terms. All parties must sign and date it. Written forms include electronic documents and in-game books.​

(a) A nondisclosure agreement, or NDA, is a written contract to keep specified information confidential. It must state, in clear, agreed terms, who the parties are, what information is protected, and how long the duty lasts. Recorded chat showing each party's assent meets the writing requirement.​

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(iv) Section 9(b) is struck:​

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(b) An NDA meeting these requirements is enforceable and may be challenged in court. A person harmed by its breach may sue for proven losses, punitive damages where justified, and legal fees. The general rules of the Contract Establishment Act, or successor acts governing contract law, also apply.​

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(v) Section 9(c) is amended as follows:​

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(c) An NDA requiring a person to hide a crime is unenforceable. No person is liable for breaching an NDA or contract by a good-faith disclosure made to protect the public or national security, including through journalism or a court inquiry.​

(c) A term requiring concealment of a crime is void. A person may make a good-faith disclosure to protect the public or national security without contractual liability.​

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(vi) Section 12(b) is amended as follows:​

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(b) A court may award all income gained from infringing use, compensation for proven harm, additional compensation for especially serious violations or harm whose direct financial value cannot be proved, and legal fees. The same loss must not be recovered twice. The Damages Reform Act governs legal costs.​

(b) A court may award all income gained from infringing use, compensation for proven harm, additional compensation for especially serious violations or harm whose direct financial value cannot be proved, and legal fees.​

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(vii) Section 12(e) is struck:​

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(e) Civil filing deadlines, court powers, and appeals are governed by the Court Reformation Act. This Act creates no criminal offense. Separate crimes still require proof of their own elements; copying alone is not proof of theft or fraud.​

(b) Financial Consumer Protection Act is amended by adding the following as Section 4(e):

(e) A court may enforce a proven loan despite noncompliance with this section's document or disclosure requirements.

(c) Amend the Inactive Requisition Act as follows:

(i) Section 5(h) is amended as follows:​

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(h) If a verified creditor exists, any remaining principal owed to the creditor will be taken out of the requisitioned balance and provided to them. Interest shall be removed from the calculation. If any funds are left over after this, they shall go to the government balance.​

(h) The agency must use the requisitioned balance to pay verified creditors the principal and lawful accrued interest they are owed, then transfer any surplus to the government balance.​

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(ii) Section 6(f) is amended as follows:​

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(f) If a verified creditor exists, any remaining principal owed to the creditor will be taken out of the requisitioned balance and provided to them. Interest shall be removed from the calculation. If any funds are left over after this, they shall go to the government balance.​

(f) The agency must use the requisitioned balance to pay verified creditors the principal and lawful accrued interest they are owed, then transfer any surplus to the government balance.​

(d) The Government Contracts Act 2.0 is amended as follows:

(i) Section 4(d) is added as follows:​

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(d) The government may accept a bid only after the tender or auction closes under this section.​

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(ii) Sections 5(g) and 5(h) are added as follows:​

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(g) The parties must agree on the terms required by paragraph (d) before approval.​

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(h) A direct agreement becomes binding once the approvals required by this section have been granted and the required waiting periods and votes have ended.​

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(iii) Section 6(b)(iii) is added as follows:​

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(iii) The payout in subparagraph (i) or (ii) is the government's full liability for cancellation under this paragraph.​

10. Repeals

(a) The Contract Establishment Act is repealed in full.

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